How did humanity learn to write? (Part 2)

The first pencils were not too different from modern ones: a graphite rod was embedded in a wooden tubular case, which provided the product with durability. It was done this way. They took a piece of wood and made a square hole in it, into which a graphite plate was placed. At the upper level of the hole, the graphite was cut off, and the hole was closed with a wooden plate, which was glued for strength. Then the pencil was rounded by grinding. Today it is difficult to find anything cheaper and simpler than an ordinary pencil with a graphite rod, but for its time it became a huge technological breakthrough, making writing relatively inexpensive and convenient.

The goose feather gave way to a metal one.
A pen with a metal pen appeared in 1803. The metal pen was patented by British engineer Brian Donkin. But it wasn't until the 1850s that the metal pen replaced the goose pen. The idea was the same, originally from China and Egypt: a metal pen was periodically dipped in ink, with which the record was applied. The typewriter appeared in 1868. It was created by journalist Christopher Latham Scholes together with his friends. Thus, humanity has received a new way to accurately record information. But typewriters did not displace ink pens, and already in 1884 a fountain pen appeared, that is, a pen with an ink bulb. It was invented by Lewis Edson Waterman. According to legend, the fountain pen failed the inventor during the signing of an important contract. Everyone understands exactly how she could fail. The ink supply in the fountain pens was poorly controlled and they constantly left blots. Using his brother's workshop, Waterman set to work and the fountain pen was finally created. The Waterman trademark has been one of the "Big Four" pen manufacturers for many years. Other brands of the "Four": Parker, Sheaffer and Eversharp.

The ballpoint pen is originally from Paris
As the years passed, the technology of writing did not stand still. In 1938, the Hungarian-born inventor Laszlo Jozsef Biro, who was living in Paris at the time, decided to use ink used for printing newspapers to write. This ink did not leave stains and dried faster. The ink was placed in a special rod, at the end of which a ball rotated. Dipping into the ink, the ball applied ink to the paper while writing. This is how the biro ballpoint pen appeared, for which its creator received a patent. 1xBet.com offers online sports betting, casino games and much more to thousands of players around the world every day. The 1xbet promo code can be used when you join to get the biggest available welcome bonus up to €/$130 (or currency equivalent in your country) bonus when joining with this code. At the casino, up to $1500 bonus can be claimed, plus you can also get free spins when you register.